SIGHTS AND SIGNS OF A NATION

by Anthony Georgieff

Anyone familiar with the Communist-era signs produced to instruct Bulgarian citizens and villagers to keep their surroundings clean and to tell on anyone caught in the act of not doing so might have thought nothing could surpass their stupidity.

sign bulgaria.jpg

Think again! Communism with the highly ritualised rules for social behaviour its omniscient apparatchiks generated may be no more, but the system that followed it, referred by Bulgarians as the ongoing Transition, failed to change the way the former apparatchiks, many of them now businessmen and entrepreneurs, thought.

However, there are important differences now compared to pre-1989. In Bulgaria's democracy, it is private enterprise rather than the government that is the chief generator of signs. Unsurprisingly, its attitude to proper spelling and grammar is rather laissez-faire, just like in the economy. The strict rules for walking on pavements, taking a bath once a week and chewing your food in a factory canteen (see here an extensive selection) have succumbed to informing prospective shoplifters that their bags will be checked for things they may have bought elsewhere and to wishing night-time underwear thieves... less than pleasant lunches.

It is of course silly to generalise and try to draw conclusions about a nation's public attitudes by reading the sort of signs it produces, but the current state of signage affairs in Bulgaria do tell something about the people who write them – and about those who are supposed to read them.

Enjoy, therefore, but do add plenty of Balkan salt!

 

ALLEY EUROPEALLEY EUROPE

 

Your standard signageYour standard signage

 

In a Strandzha villageIn a Strandzha village

 

YOU ARE NOW ENTERING THE EUYOU ARE NOW ENTERING THE EU

 

Beware of low-flying menBeware of low-flying men

 

DANDY BARDANDY BAR

 

SHOE REPAIRS: NEW LIFE FOR YOUR SHOESSHOE REPAIRS: NEW LIFE FOR YOUR SHOES

 

Yogas are banned from blowing trumpets?Yogas are banned from blowing trumpets?

 

FRUIT GREEN HAMMERFRUIT
GREEN
HAMMER

 

NO VACANCIES (next to an obituary)NO VACANCIES (next to an obituary)

 

UNINVITED ENTRY IS BANNED!UNINVITED ENTRY IS BANNED!


BARBERBARBER

 

PRESTIGE DRINKERYPRESTIGE DRINKERY

 

I SUPPLY PEN MANUREI SUPPLY PEN MANURE

 

TODOR ZHIVKOV SQUARE: Bulgaria is the only former Warsaw Pact country in Europe that proudly displays affection for its Communist leaderTODOR ZHIVKOV SQUARE
Bulgaria is the only former Warsaw Pact country in Europe that proudly displays affection for its Communist leader

 

FORBIDDEN!!!  LICKING WITH DOGSFORBIDDEN!!!
LICKING WITH DOGS

 

NO PARKING. GARAGENO PARKING. GARAGE

 

WE SPEAK FRENCH.  TRIPE SOUP, GRILL, CASSEROLESWE SPEAK FRENCH.
TRIPE SOUP, GRILL, CASSEROLES

 

PRIVATE PROPERTY! PEDERASTS, OLIGOPHRENES, ABORIGINES AND KLEPTOMANIACS, GOD DELAYS BUT DOES NOT FORGETPRIVATE PROPERTY!
PEDERASTS, OLIGOPHRENES, ABORIGINES AND KLEPTOMANIACS, GOD DELAYS BUT DOES NOT FORGET

 

TOILET HAS ALREADY STARTED WORKINGTOILET HAS ALREADY STARTED WORKING

 

HORSE TAXIHORSE TAXI

 

SHOP WORKING TIME: MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS FROM 9AMSHOP
WORKING TIME: MONDAYS
AND THURSDAYS FROM 9AM

 

John Lennon lives here?John Lennon lives here?

 

GREENGROCERY STAND, METROPOLITAN YABLANITSA AREA. THIN PRICES FOR THE POPULATION, THE ROMA AND THE PEOPLE FROM SOFIAGREENGROCERY STAND, METROPOLITAN YABLANITSA AREA. THIN PRICES FOR THE POPULATION, THE ROMA AND THE PEOPLE FROM SOFIA

UNGUARDED BEACH

UNGUARDED BEACH

 

Poor pup

Poor pup

 

ATTENTION! FALLING BRICKS,  GO TO THE OTHER SIDEATTENTION! FALLING BRICKS,
GO TO THE OTHER SIDE

 

Guess! (Veliko Tarnovo sign)Guess! (Veliko Tarnovo sign)

 

ARMED GUARDSARMED GUARDS

 

Guess what they meant!Guess what they meant!

 

THE BUTTONS WORKSHOP WILL NOT BE OPEN UNTIL THE MONTH OF APRILTHE BUTTONS WORKSHOP WILL NOT BE OPEN UNTIL THE MONTH OF APRIL

 

WELCOME TO RESENWELCOME TO RESEN

 

THE TOLSTOYIST COLONY HAS BEEN WAITING FOR YOU FOR 100 YEARS. WILL YOU MISS IT NOW?THE TOLSTOYIST COLONY HAS BEEN WAITING FOR YOU FOR 100 YEARS. WILL YOU MISS IT NOW?

 

KOTSO, WE ARE GOING TO GET FIREWOOD AND BEERKOTSO, WE ARE GOING TO GET FIREWOOD AND BEER

 

DRINKING WATER.  NOT WASHING WATERDRINKING WATER.
NOT WASHING WATER

 

STREET PALESTINE  (main road in the village of Jerusalem)STREET PALESTINE
(main road in the village of Jerusalem)

 

NO SWIMMING! (Sofia City Council water fountain signs in 2009)NO SWIMMING! (Sofia City Council water fountain signs in 2009)

 

Clockwise, from top left: ATTENTION! ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS, DECLARED GOODS BOUGHT ELSEWHERE AND TAKEN INTO THIS SHOP WILL BE PAID FOR!; DEAR CUSTOMERS! PERSONAL BELONGINGS AND LADY'S PURSES, BROUGHT INTO THE COMMERCIAL HALL, WILL BE INSPECTED AT THE CASHIERS!; HYPERMARKET FANTASTICO: ROUND THE CLOCK; ATTENTION! ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS, WE INFORM YOU THAT THE SHOP IS DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO A SECURITY AGENCY. THE PERSONS CAUGHT STEALING WILL BE DELIVERED TO THE POLICE PATROL WITHIN FIVE MINUTES!; ATTENTION! ALCOHOL AND CIGARETTES WILL NOT BE SOLD TO PERSONS UNDER 18!; RESPECTED CUSTOMERS, BEER BOTTLES WILL BE ACCEPTED ONLY WHEN BUYING NEW BEER; THE SHOP IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR LOST OR VANISHED BELONGINGS; ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS, SHOPPING USING BASKETS OR TROLLEYS IS MANDATORY!; ATTENTION! PLEASE KEEP YOUR INVOICES UNTIL YOU EXIT THIS SITEClockwise, from top left: ATTENTION! ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS, DECLARED GOODS BOUGHT ELSEWHERE AND TAKEN INTO THIS SHOP WILL BE PAID FOR!; DEAR CUSTOMERS! PERSONAL BELONGINGS AND LADY'S PURSES, BROUGHT INTO THE COMMERCIAL HALL, WILL BE INSPECTED AT THE CASHIERS!; HYPERMARKET FANTASTICO: ROUND THE CLOCK; ATTENTION! ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS, WE INFORM YOU THAT THE SHOP IS DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO A SECURITY AGENCY. THE PERSONS CAUGHT STEALING WILL BE DELIVERED TO THE POLICE PATROL WITHIN FIVE MINUTES!; ATTENTION! ALCOHOL AND CIGARETTES WILL NOT BE SOLD TO PERSONS UNDER 18!; RESPECTED CUSTOMERS, BEER BOTTLES WILL BE ACCEPTED ONLY WHEN BUYING NEW BEER; THE SHOP IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR LOST OR VANISHED BELONGINGS; ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS, SHOPPING USING BASKETS OR TROLLEYS IS MANDATORY!; ATTENTION! PLEASE KEEP YOUR INVOICES UNTIL YOU EXIT THIS SITE

 

Self-explanatorySelf-explanatory

 

EN – EXIEN – EXI

 

STYLE'99 SHOES AND BAGSSTYLE'99 SHOES AND BAGS

 

In case of emergency... This sign, written not in any known language, is in a hotel in southwestern Bulgaria. It is supposed to read "fire."In case of emergency... This sign, written not in any known language, is in a hotel in southwestern Bulgaria. It is supposed to read "fire."

 

NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES BEER ALCOHOLNONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
BEER ALCOHOL

 

EVANGELICAL PENTECOSTAL CHURCH; THU 4PM, SUN 10AMEVANGELICAL PENTECOSTAL CHURCH; THU 4PM, SUN 10AM

TITS YOU CAN FIND ALL OVER THE BEACH. PIZZAS ONLY HERETITS YOU CAN FIND ALL OVER THE BEACH. PIZZAS ONLY HERE

 

WE ARE LOOKING FOR A FEMALE SHOP ASSISTANT. MUST BE EXPERIENCED. WE OFFER GOOD CONDITIONSWE ARE LOOKING FOR A FEMALE SHOP ASSISTANT. MUST BE EXPERIENCED. WE OFFER GOOD CONDITIONS

 

One for every month?One for every month?

 

End of Mexico?End of Mexico?

 

WE ARE ASKING YOU POLITELY, PLEASE COME TO US AND HELP US SAVE FOR A MERCEDES. IT IS WARM INSIDE, TO BEAT THE CRISIS. WE KNOW WHAT GOOD FOODS MEANS. QUICK SPECIALITY: COLD KEBAPCHETA AND WARM BEER. BEANS FOR TOURISTS. YOU MAY BE MAKING A LOSS, BUT IT IS IMPORTANT TO STAY IN BUSINESSWE ARE ASKING YOU POLITELY, PLEASE COME TO US AND HELP US SAVE FOR A MERCEDES. IT IS WARM INSIDE, TO BEAT THE CRISIS. WE KNOW WHAT GOOD FOODS MEANS. QUICK SPECIALITY: COLD KEBAPCHETA AND WARM BEER. BEANS FOR TOURISTS. YOU MAY BE MAKING A LOSS, BUT IT IS IMPORTANT TO STAY IN BUSINESS

 

You've been warnedYou've been warned

 

TOILET FOR WOMEN.  DO NOT BUY FROM GYPSIES!TOILET FOR WOMEN.
DO NOT BUY FROM GYPSIES!

 

ROTTEN SOCIETYROTTEN SOCIETY

 

SOFIA CITY LIBRARY.  ANNOUNCEMENT.  THE ELEVATOR WORKS MONDAY TO FRIDAY 8.00AM TO 7.45PM, AND SATURDAY FROM 9.00AM TO 2.45PMSOFIA CITY LIBRARY.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
THE ELEVATOR WORKS MONDAY TO FRIDAY 8.00AM TO 7.45PM, AND SATURDAY FROM 9.00AM TO 2.45PM

 

NO OTHER PERSON DO I RELATE TO THIS PLACE LIKE YOU, ENGLISHMAN! GLORY TO YOUR THICK CIGAR!NO OTHER PERSON DO I RELATE TO THIS PLACE LIKE YOU, ENGLISHMAN! GLORY TO YOUR THICK CIGAR!

Protecting EU's bordersProtecting EU's borders

 

HOUSE RULES  1. VISITORS MAY NOT SPEND THE NIGHT IN THE MONASTERY. 2. IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN TO GET FOOD FROM THE CANTEEN WITHOUT PAYING FOR IT. 3. IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN TO DRINK ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE MONASTERY BUILDINGS. 4. GAMES, SONGS AND GENERALLY NOISY FUN IS BANNED. 5. EATING EVEN YOUR OWN FOOD CAN BE DONE ONLY AT LOCATIONS DETERMINED BY MANAGEMENT. 6. DEMAND A RECEIPT FOR ANY SUM PAID, EVEN THE SMALLEST. FROM THE HOLY DIOCESEHOUSE RULES
1. VISITORS MAY NOT SPEND THE NIGHT IN THE MONASTERY.
2. IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN TO GET FOOD FROM THE CANTEEN WITHOUT PAYING FOR IT.
3. IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN TO DRINK ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE MONASTERY BUILDINGS.
4. GAMES, SONGS AND GENERALLY NOISY FUN IS BANNED.
5. EATING EVEN YOUR OWN FOOD CAN BE DONE ONLY AT LOCATIONS DETERMINED BY MANAGEMENT.
6. DEMAND A RECEIPT FOR ANY SUM PAID, EVEN THE SMALLEST.
FROM THE HOLY DIOCESE

 

Familiarise yourself with your local train timetableFamiliarise yourself with your local train timetable

 

High techHigh tech

 

Love's laboursLove's labours

 

UMBRELLA REPAIRSUMBRELLA REPAIRS

 

THE SWIMMING POOL IS NOT  WORKING. BATHING FORBIDDEN!!!THE SWIMMING POOL IS NOT
WORKING. BATHING FORBIDDEN!!!

 

SHALOM EVANGELICAL CHURCH OF CHRISTSHALOM EVANGELICAL CHURCH OF CHRIST

 

RespectRespect

 

FOR ICE-CREAM, PLEASE RING THE BELL!FOR ICE-CREAM, PLEASE RING THE BELL!

 

ATTENTION! DOOR!!!ATTENTION! DOOR!!!

 

DEAR SPECTATORS, PLEASE DO NOT THROW HAND PAPER INTO THE TOILET BOWLSDEAR SPECTATORS, PLEASE DO NOT THROW HAND PAPER INTO THE TOILET BOWLS

 

THE RUCKSACKS MOVED TO A NEW ADDRESSTHE RUCKSACKS MOVED TO A NEW ADDRESS

 

FUR COATS, JACKETS AND FOX BOAS REPAIRSFUR COATS, JACKETS AND FOX BOAS REPAIRS

 

DEAR CUSTOMERS, REGARDLESS OF YOUR INITIAL AIMS AND THE ACCOMPLISHED RESULTS, PLEASE FLUSH THE WATER! IF THE RESULTS EXCEED YOUR EXPECTATION, USE THE BRUSH!DEAR CUSTOMERS, REGARDLESS OF YOUR INITIAL AIMS AND THE ACCOMPLISHED RESULTS, PLEASE FLUSH THE WATER! IF THE RESULTS EXCEED YOUR EXPECTATION, USE THE BRUSH!

 

MARIA DAFOVA, FOLK MEDICINE, CLAIRVOYANCE, DIAGNOSTICS. TREATS NIGHT WETTING, SPINAL DISC HERNIATION, PLEXOPATHY, EXOSTOSES, PSORIASIS, GLAUCOMA, PARANOIA, ANSWERS ALL QUESTIONS, POSSIBLE TO WORK FROM PHOTOGRAPH. ALSO SLIPPED DISC AND BLADDER INFECTIONSMARIA DAFOVA, FOLK MEDICINE, CLAIRVOYANCE, DIAGNOSTICS. TREATS NIGHT WETTING, SPINAL DISC HERNIATION, PLEXOPATHY, EXOSTOSES, PSORIASIS, GLAUCOMA, PARANOIA, ANSWERS ALL QUESTIONS, POSSIBLE TO WORK FROM PHOTOGRAPH. ALSO SLIPPED DISC AND BLADDER INFECTIONS

 

MINISTRY OF FINANCE.  PLEASE, USE THE STAFF ENTRANCEMINISTRY OF FINANCE.
PLEASE, USE THE STAFF ENTRANCE

 

UNDERWEAR FOR DAYTIME AND NIGHT-TIME... FOR LADIES, MEN AND CHILDREN, AND WARM SLIPPERS WHILE YOU MUNCH CHIPSUNDERWEAR FOR DAYTIME AND NIGHT-TIME... FOR LADIES, MEN AND CHILDREN, AND WARM SLIPPERS WHILE YOU MUNCH CHIPS

 

100 NATIONAL TOURISM SITES STAMPS WILL BE GIVEN ONLY AFTER VISITING THE ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM! GUIDES100 NATIONAL TOURISM SITES STAMPS WILL BE GIVEN ONLY AFTER VISITING THE ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM! GUIDES

 

NO ENTRY FOR NATURISTS!NO ENTRY FOR NATURISTS!

 

 

The Bulgarian version says: "THE LINK TO SERDICA METRO STATION IS OPEN"The Bulgarian version says: "THE LINK TO SERDICA METRO STATION IS OPEN"

 

TOILETTOILET

 

RECONSTRUCTION OF A PUBLIC TOILET. DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN TOURISMRECONSTRUCTION OF A PUBLIC TOILET. DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN TOURISM

 

TO WHOEVER SNEAKS AT NIGHT AND STEALS OTHER PEOPLE'S UNDERWEAR. THEY STOLE MY PANTS, WHAT DISGRACE. FOR THE HUMILIATING THIEF: A HELPING OF MANURETO WHOEVER SNEAKS AT NIGHT AND STEALS OTHER PEOPLE'S UNDERWEAR. THEY STOLE MY PANTS, WHAT DISGRACE. FOR THE HUMILIATING THIEF: A HELPING OF MANURE

 

PLACE FOR ACCESS FOR DOGSPLACE FOR ACCESS FOR DOGS

 

DAY OF WATERMELONSDAY OF WATERMELONS

 

MILITARY AREA. NO TRESPASSINGMILITARY AREA. NO TRESPASSING

 

ENTRY ONLY TO OFFICIAL PERSONSENTRY ONLY TO OFFICIAL PERSONS

 

TO THE PRISONTO THE PRISON

 

You may be able to read, but you won't be able to understand. (Sing says "CUSTOMS")You may be able to read, but you won't be able to understand. (Sing says "CUSTOMS")

 

CLEOPATRA CHINESE RESTAURANT WITH BULGARIAN CUISINECLEOPATRA CHINESE RESTAURANT WITH BULGARIAN CUISINE

 


 

ATTENTION!!! THERE ARE NO CHANGE BUREAUX, BANK SAFES OR ANY BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN THIS BUILDING! THIS BUILDING HAS THREE EXITS! YOU COULD BE THE VICTIM OF A SCAM! YOU COULD BE THE VICTIM OF A SCAM!ATTENTION!!! THERE ARE NO CHANGE BUREAUX, BANK SAFES OR ANY BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN THIS BUILDING! THIS BUILDING HAS THREE EXITS! YOU COULD BE THE VICTIM OF A SCAM! YOU COULD BE THE VICTIM OF A SCAM!

 

DO NOT STEAL THE LETTERS!DO NOT STEAL THE LETTERS!

 

DEAR CUSTOMERS! PLEASE EXCUSE US FOR THE LIMITED KITCHEN OFFERS AND THE MEDIOCRE SERVICE! YOU KNOW THE REASONS: THE HUGE NATION-WIDE DEFICIT AND SHORTAGE OF QUALIFIED STAFF IN TOURISM AND RESTAURANTEURSHIP AND THE UTTER REFUSAL BY THE LOCAL POPULATION TO DO ANY WORK. WE THANK YOU IN ADVANCE FOR YOUR TOLERANCE!DEAR CUSTOMERS! PLEASE EXCUSE US FOR THE LIMITED KITCHEN OFFERS AND THE MEDIOCRE SERVICE! YOU KNOW THE REASONS: THE HUGE NATION-WIDE DEFICIT AND SHORTAGE OF QUALIFIED STAFF IN TOURISM AND RESTAURANTEURSHIP AND THE UTTER REFUSAL BY THE LOCAL POPULATION TO DO ANY WORK. WE THANK YOU IN ADVANCE FOR YOUR TOLERANCE!

 

DEAR DRIVERS! THE POTHOLES IN THIS ROAD ARE STATE PROPERTY. KEEP THEM! BYALA SLATINA BUSINESS CENTRE. CHAVDAR STADIUMDEAR DRIVERS! THE POTHOLES IN THIS ROAD ARE STATE PROPERTY. KEEP THEM!

BYALA SLATINA BUSINESS CENTRE.

CHAVDAR STADIUM

 

ALL SMALL PACKETS FOR ABROAD WILL BE INSPECTED PRIOR TO THEIR BEING PACKED!!!ALL SMALL PACKETS FOR ABROAD WILL BE INSPECTED PRIOR TO THEIR BEING PACKED!!!

 

ATTENTION!!! INEBRIATED PERSONS WILL NOT BE ALLOWED INTO THE SWIMMING POOL!ATTENTION!!! INEBRIATED PERSONS WILL NOT BE ALLOWED INTO THE SWIMMING POOL!

 

POST OFFICE. LOTTO. ARDA.  BAY DELCHOPOST OFFICE. LOTTO. ARDA.
BAY DELCHO

 

CRACKING SEEDS IS ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN!CRACKING SEEDS IS ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN!

  • COMMENTING RULES

    Commenting on www.vagabond.bg

    Vagabond Media Ltd requires you to submit a valid email to comment on www.vagabond.bg to secure that you are not a bot or a spammer. Learn more on how the company manages your personal information on our Privacy Policy. By filling the comment form you declare that you will not use www.vagabond.bg for the purpose of violating the laws of the Republic of Bulgaria. When commenting on www.vagabond.bg please observe some simple rules. You must avoid sexually explicit language and racist, vulgar, religiously intolerant or obscene comments aiming to insult Vagabond Media Ltd, other companies, countries, nationalities, confessions or authors of postings and/or other comments. Do not post spam. Write in English. Unsolicited commercial messages, obscene postings and personal attacks will be removed without notice. The comments will be moderated and may take some time to appear on www.vagabond.bg.

Add new comment

The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.

Restricted HTML

  • Allowed HTML tags: <a href hreflang> <em> <strong> <cite> <blockquote cite> <code> <ul type> <ol start type> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> <h2 id> <h3 id> <h4 id> <h5 id> <h6 id>
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
  • Web page addresses and email addresses turn into links automatically.

Discover More

IN THE ICY WATERS OF THE SUBANTARCTIC
Аt 36, Elka Vasileva, whom everyone knows as Nunio (a childhood nickname given to her by her parents that she is particularly proud of because it discerns her from her famous grandmother), is a remarkable woman.

BULGARIA IN ANTARCTICA?
The Bulgarian base named St Clement of Ohrid on the Isle of Livingston in the South Shetlands has been manned by Bulgarian crews since the early 1990s.

THE VELCHOVA ZAVERA HIKE
Еvery April, since 2020, hundreds of young Bulgarians gather in Veliko Tarnovo and embark on a meaningful journey, retracing the steps of a daring rebellion that took place in the town and its surroundings, in 1835.

LES FRANÇAIS EN BULGARIE
Before English took over in Bulgaria, in the 1990s, mastering French was obligatory for the local elite and those who aspired to join it.

BULGARIA'S NEW 'PATRIOTISM'
In the summer of 2023, one of the news items that preoccupied Bulgarians for weeks on end was a... banner.

WHAT WAS THE SEPTEMBER UPRISING?
Raised hands, bodies frozen in a pathos of tragic defiance: Bulgaria, especially its northwest, is littered with monuments to an event that was once glorified but is now mostly forgotten.

WHO WAS RENÉ CHARRON?
Not all people who make a big difference in history, or attempt to make one, are ahead of great governments or armies.

REARVIEW MIRROR OF BULGARIA AND AMERICA
When John Jackson became the first US diplomat in Bulgaria, in 1903, the two nations had known each other for about a century.

200 VAGABONDS
When the first issue of Vagabond hit the newsstands, in September 2006, the world and Bulgaria were so different that today it seems as though they were in another geological era.

LAPSE OF TIME
Sofia, with its numerous parks, is not short of monuments and statues referring to the country's rich history. In the Borisova Garden park for example, busts of freedom fighters, politicians and artists practically line up the alleys.

WHY DOES 'SORRY' SEEM TO BE THE HARDEST WORD?
About 30 Bulgarians of various occupations, political opinion and public standing went to the city of Kavala in northern Greece, in March, to take part in a simple yet moving ceremony to mark the demolition of the Jewish community of northern Greece, which

BULGARIA'S LAST MONARCH
On 3 October 1918, Bulgarians felt anxious. The country had just emerged from three wars it had fought for "national unification" – meaning, in plain language, incorporating Macedonia and Aegean Thrace into the Bulgarian kingdom.